Pearls:

• ARF can lead to: volume overload, hypertension, pulmonary edema, neurologic symptoms, anemia, increased susceptibility to infection, etc.

• Prerenal failure is caused by condition that decrease renal perfusion, it is the most common cause of community acquired actue renal failure

• Postrenal failure occurs primarily in elderly men with prostate obstruction

• Common nephrotoxic drugs causing intrinsic tubular disease : aminoglycosides, cisplatin, amphotericin B

• Common drugs associated with acute interstitial nephritis : NSAIDs, antibiotics, diuretics, phenytoin, allopurinol

• Common dialyzable drugs : lithium, aspirin, methanol, ethylene glycol, theophylline

   

REFERENCES:

Tintinalli, JE. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education LLC, 2016.